The loss, or cost, isn’t desirable and we are less likely to engage in the behaviour again. Think of lending a favorite item to a friend and never seeing it again, or getting a speeding ticket. As humans we tend to want to minimize our costs and avoid losing things that are precious to us. Negative Punishment can be thought of as cost, or loss. The uncomfortable feeling hurts and we are less likely to engage in the behaviour again.
Think of your mother saying she is “really disappointed in you”, or falling on some ironshore when rough-housing on the beach.
As humans we tend to avoid pain as best we can and reduce doing things that lead to pain. Positive punishment can be thought of as pain, though not necessarily physical. It might help to think of positive punishment as pain, and negative punishment as cost. There are two types of punishment: positive and negative. Many people think of punishment as typical aversive procedures, like reprimands, scolding, and even spankings, but often these things don’t reduce behaviour the way we would like. Punishment on the other hand is a strategy designed to decrease behaviour and refers to something being added or removed immediately after the behaviour takes place. This type of reinforcement is aimed at increasing a behaviour and should not be thought of as punishment. The beeping is undesirable and engaging in the behaviour of putting on your seatbelt removes the beep. An example would be when you get into your car and it starts beeping before you put on your seatbelt. Negative reinforcement involves the relief of something undesirable being removed. Though they often get confused, it is probably best to first explain what those in the ABA field mean by the terms negative reinforcement and punishment.
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